SUCCESS IN MODERN BULGARIA: BETWEEN SOCIAL MOBILITY, DIGITAL ECONOMY, AND THE EXISTENTIAL BOUNDARIES OF PROSPERITY
Даниел Петров, Йоана Петрова/ Daniel Petrov, Yoana Petrova
Abstract
This article examines the transformation of success perceptions in Bulgaria from the late socialist period to the digital era, applying an interdisciplinary framework that combines social theory, economic analysis, and an anthropological perspective. The empirical basis includes semi-structured interviews with 28 respondents aged 19–56, representing diverse social profiles and geographic regions. Findings indicate that young tech entrepreneurs view the digital economy as a space for innovation, yet 71% of investment opportunities are concentrated in the capital, forcing many to relocate their businesses. Influencers rely on social media platforms as their main income source, but 5 out of 6 report that algorithmic changes can reduce revenues by over 50% within weeks. Freelancers value professional autonomy but face “race to the bottom” competition, with 4 out of 5 working over 50 hours per week to maintain stable incomes. Young people from small towns identify lack of mentors and infrastructure as key barriers, with 80% ready to migrate. Individuals over 40 in retraining successfully acquire technical skills but face social isolation and lack of professional networks. The analysis conceptualizes the digital economy as a hybrid social space that opens new mobility pathways while reproducing existing hierarchies. The notion of “existential boundaries of prosperity” captures the point at which measurable achievements fail to translate into lasting security and belonging. The conclusion emphasizes inclusive mobility policies that integrate both digital and traditional professions.
Keywords: success, social mobility, digital economy, cultural attitudes, social justice, globalization
